BIODEGRADATION OF TOXIC DYES AND TEXTILE DYE EFFLUENT –A REVIEW
Keywords:
Bioremediation, Xenobiotics, Fungi as robust organisms, LMEs, Immobilization of enzymes, Bioreactors, Biodegradation, MineralizationAbstract
Environmental pollution due to urbanization and rapid growth of industries has a detrimental effect on human
health and ecology. Textile dyes constitute a major source of waste water pollution. Dye is an integral part which is used to
impart color to materials having the Chromophore and the Auxochrome group. The waste generated during the process and
operation of the dyes, contains the inorganic and organic contaminant leading hazardous ecosystem and biodiversity. The
physico-chemical treatment may only decolorize the waste but it increases its toxicity but by adopting biological living
systems there is abadetement in its toxicity.. The decolorization of the dye takes place either by adsorption on the microbial
biomass or and enzymatic degradation. Bioremediation takes place by anaerobic and/or aerobic process. In the present
review the decolorization and degradation of dyes by fungi have been reviewed. The factors affecting decolorization and
biodegradation of dye compounds such as pH, temperature, dye concentration, effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen,
agitation, effect of dye structure, electron donor ,immobilization of enzymes and use of Bioreactors involved in microbial
decolorization of dyes have been also high lightened in the review.
