Maximum Power Point Tracking for efficient working of PV arrays

Abstract

Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy which can be made completely useful, if a
well-engineered remote energy system is attached along with the solar arrays. In the case where solar cells are used
for conversion of solar energy into electricity, maximum efficiency is possible when solar panels are held
perpendicular to the sun’s rays where tracking comes into picture. Trackers are devices used to change the
orientation of the PV panels towards the sun to capture maximum energy. The arrays should operate at their
maximum power point (MPP) to give maximum efficiency. The principal of maximum power point tracking gives a
higher reliability to the photo voltaic arrays along with very high efficiency. It can improve quality of life in remote
areas and also help in cost effectiveness. Therefore an MPPT connection is made between the PV array and the load
in order to obtain maximum power. An Arduino-based tracker was chosen for ease of use and access. This base also
allowed for easy modification and repair, and provided a stable supply chain. Simulations showed maximum power
point tracking was effective in providing necessary power to load batteries. Once built, voltage and efficiency tests
of the tracker showed that it increased solar panel efficiency and output.