Performance & Testing of Diesel Engine with Blends of Diesel and Karanja Biodiesel produced by Ultrasonic Technique -Review study

Abstract

Due to the limited conventional fossil fuels, it has become necessaryto find alternative clean and renewable
energy resources. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel consisting of mono alkyl esters (methyl or ethyl) of long chain fatty acids
derived from vegetable oils or animal fats or micro and macro algal oil. It is a kind of bio - energy as a substitute for
conventional petrol diesel fuel.Recently, the production of biodiesel has been increased due to some crucial reasons such as
the rise in crude oil price, limited resources of fossil oil, and pollution reduction.This paper presents a review of the
alternative technological methods that could be used to produce this fuel. Biodiesel from karanga oil was produced by
alkali catalyzed transestrification using ultrasonic technique. However, the production process faces many drawbacks
related to the immiscible nature of the reactants and the presence of free fatty acids in the desired oil. Several approaches
have been proposed but only to a limited success. Heterogeneous catalysts which are more environmental friendly usually
subject to a drawback of low catalytic activity. Ultrasonic irradiation has been proven to be successfully used in a
meaningful way to enhance the emulsification of the reactants to increase the mass transfer rate during the reaction. This
enhancement leads to reductions in reaction time, catalyst amount, alcohol-to-oil ratio and reaction temperature causing a
significant decrease in the production economics.