Paper Details

Due to the limited conventional fossil fuels, it has become necessaryto find alternative clean and renewableenergy resources. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel consisting of mono alkyl esters (methyl or ethyl) of long chain fatty acidsderived from vegetable oils or animal fats or micro and macro algal oil. It is a kind of bio - energy as a substitute forconventional petrol diesel fuel.Recently, the production of biodiesel has been increased due to some crucial reasons such asthe rise in crude oil price, limited resources of fossil oil, and pollution reduction.This paper presents a review of thealternative technological methods that could be used to produce this fuel. Biodiesel from karanga oil was produced byalkali catalyzed transestrification using ultrasonic technique. However, the production process faces many drawbacksrelated to the immiscible nature of the reactants and the presence of free fatty acids in the desired oil. Several approacheshave been proposed but only to a limited success. Heterogeneous catalysts which are more environmental friendly usuallysubject to a drawback of low catalytic activity. Ultrasonic irradiation has been proven to be successfully used in ameaningful way to enhance the emulsification of the reactants to increase the mass transfer rate during the reaction. Thisenhancement leads to reductions in reaction time, catalyst amount, alcohol-to-oil ratio and reaction temperature causing asignificant decrease in the production economics.

Prof. J.J.Goswami, Prof. Dr. Pravin P. Rathod, J .B. Galchar, “Performance & Testing of Diesel Engine with Blends of Diesel and Karanja Biodiesel produced by Ultrasonic Technique -Review study”, International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD), Vol. 1, Issue 12, pp. 323-331, December 2014.